Precision tests with a spinning muon
A charged particle with spin behaves like a tiny magnet. For a point-like spin-$1/2$ particle, the Dirac equation predicts a magnetic $g$ factor of 2. Quantum fluctuations slightly modify this value, and the difference is conventionally expressed as the anomalous magnetic moment
Because the muon is much heavier than the electron, its magnetic moment is particularly sensitive to quantum effects involving heavier virtual particles. Precise measurements of $a_\mu$ therefore provide stringent tests of particle-physics calculations and a broad search for effects beyond the Standard Model.